Analysis of the Impact of Communication Campaigns under the Project "Syphilis No": A National Tool for Inducing and Promoting Health.

Syphilis is increasingly prevalent around the world as a result of complex factors. In Brazil, the government declared a syphilis epidemic in 2016 and then set a strategic agenda to respond to this serious public health problem. In a joint effort, Brazil's Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) recommended that novel and diversified health communication strategies should be developed, which the "Syphilis No" project (SNP) later conducted through nationwide mass communication campaigns. We performed exploratory data analysis to identify and understand the results of three health communication campaigns by considering syphilis data trends in Brazil. The SNP, by using traditional and innovative means of communication, focused on multiple target audiences to encourage behavior changes through awareness and syphilis knowledge acquisition via the internet. In addition, the SNP disseminated information on syphilis testing, prevention, and treatment through social media and multiple media outlets. We observed that the period of the health campaigns corresponded to the period when the syphilis testing uptake increased and the number of reported cases dropped. Thus, our findings indicate that public health responses could substantially benefit from the use of health communication campaigns as a tool for health promotion, education, and transformation.

REATIVA: An Efficient Health Promotion Program during Retirement Transition.

Retirement is a major life transition in adulthood that can cause vulnerability in individuals and their families. REATIVA is a face-to-face health intervention program that aims to promote the perception of self-efficacy and facilitate the transition to retirement of individuals and families. This article presents the efficiency of this program. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 new retirees and families enrolled in the Portuguese National Health Service. The efficiency of the program was evaluated with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, which assesses self-efficacy, and the Retirement Adaptation Perception (EPFAR) scale, which assesses the perception of adaptation to retirement. The data were processed in IBM SPSS 27 software. An average positive change was found regarding the GSE and EPFAR in all participants of the REATIVA program. Notably, the MANOVA test with Greenhouse-Geisser correction revealed a significant effect of the program over time in the EPFAR scale (F = 17.405, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.554; PO = 0.982). The REATIVA program was found to be efficient in the promotion of individual and family health during the transition to retirement as an active and healthy aging process. New methodologies and intervention strategies were identified that could improve the efficacy of the program; namely, the involvement of more family members and using a blended approach.

Multicultural competencies training programs for health care staff and health students in academic and professional settings: a scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the proposed scoping review is to identify training programs in multicultural competencies for health care staff and health students in professional and academic settings. INTRODUCTION: Cultural competence training for health care professionals is an imperative challenge in today's culturally diverse societies to ensure that all people receive equitable and effective health care, particularly those from culturally diverse backgrounds. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider literature with adult participants aged ≥ 18 years, health care staff, and health students who may have received or are receiving multicultural competencies training. Literature published since 1960 in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French will be considered for inclusion. Literature will be excluded if it reports on multicultural competencies training programs for students outside the health domain or for non-professional high school programs. METHODS: The search strategy, designed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will aim to find both published and unpublished literature. The following electronic databases will be searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Web of Science, Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP), and Open Grey. Other sites to be searched include ClinicalTrials.gov; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); International Organization for Migration (IOM); and International Migration, Integration and Social Cohesion in Europe (IMISCOE). The screening process will consist of two steps carried out by two independent reviewers: firstly, screening by title and abstract; and secondly, by full text. Data will be charted to describe the body of literature according to the review research questions, which were defined following the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) mnemonic. Data will be presented graphically when possible, and accompanied by a narrative that describes the characteristics of the training programs.

Emotional states and psychopathological symptoms in couples during pregnancy and post-partum.

AIMS: Comparing depression, anxiety, stress and psychopathological symptomatology in: pregnancy vs. post-partum in men and in women, marital partners' (men vs. women) in pregnancy and in post-partum. BACKGROUND: During perinatal period, couples undergo emotional changes and psychopathological symptoms. METHODS: Descriptive-correlational-longitudinal study. Participants: Couples (n = 67; men and women = 134) interviewed in pregnancy and at 8 months post-partum. Women are younger and more educated than men. For 65.7% of couples, this was the first pregnancy. INSTRUMENTS: Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire; Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-42; Brief Symptoms Inventory. RESULTS: In pregnancy, women's scores were significantly higher than men's in anxiety and somatization. In post-natal period, women presented significantly higher scores in somatization. Between pre- and post-natal periods, women's scores (stress, obsessions-compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, global severity index, positive symptoms distress index) rose significantly. Men's positive symptoms distress index rose significantly. CONCLUSIONS: In pregnancy, women show less stress and less psychopathological symptoms than in post-natal period. During pregnancy women are more anxious and somatise more than men. After birth, they keep somatising more. Also, in perinatal period, women's changes are more salient. The association of conjugality and motherhood-fatherhood development should be deepened in future investigation.

The Integration of Gender Perspective into Young People's Sexuality Education in Spain and Portugal: Legislation and Educational Models.

Throughout history, Sexuality Education (SE) has undergone many changes in formal education curricula. The education systems should incorporate SE and promote an understanding of sexuality from the critical perspective of gender. Objectives: To examine the approach to SE in young people in Spain and Portugal, considering the incorporation of the gender perspective, and analyze the legislation in both countries. A scoping review was conducted considering studies with SE programs, gender perspective, and legislation in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, without any time limits. The population consisted of young people aged 10 to 18 years who did not attend higher education. Databases used: CINAHL Complete, ERIC, LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Scopus, Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal, Base de Datos de Tesis Doctorales, Theses and Dissertations Online, and governmental websites. Thirty-two studies were found, including intervention, diagnosis, and documental programs. Eight of the studies adopted the gender perspective. Legislation in both countries is vast, with 23 main references. Although SE is legislated in both countries, the social-health and educational programs are insufficient. The relevance of the gender perspective is not incorporated into SE.

Adesão terapêutica: contributos para a compreensão e intervenção / Therapeutic adherence: contributions to understanding and intervention / Adherencia terapéutica: contribuciones a la comprensión e intervención

Resumo Enquadramento: A adesão terapêutica (AT) visa a melhor saúde dos indivíduos e populações, reveste-se de grande complexidade e é influenciada por múltiplos fatores. As taxas de não-adesão continuam demasiado elevadas, sendo importante melhor conhecer para intervir. Objetivos: Analisar conceitos de AT; refletir sobre fatores associados à AT; sistematizar estratégias de intervenção; compreender métodos de avaliação. Principais tópicos em análise: A AT, enquanto comportamento do utente, é esperada como resposta às recomendações/prescrições dos profissionais de saúde, após cooperação mútua. A motivação do utente para ultrapassar barreiras à mudança de comportamento mostra-se fundamental. O utente é tomado como corresponsável pelo tratamento. Os profissionais de saúde adotam estratégias de promoção da AT em prol dos utentes, mobilizando-os. Serviços e políticas de saúde apoiam a minimização dos obstáculos e incentivam a avaliação da AT para melhorar práticas. Conclusão: A AT é multifatorial, o que dificulta o processo. Para o êxito da AT é necessária coordenação exemplar de todos os atores envolvidos, utentes, profissionais de saúde e instâncias sociais e políticas, antecipando medidas adequadas.

Abstract Background: Therapeutic adherence (TA) aims to improve the health of individuals and populations. It is highly complex and influenced by multiple factors. Non-adherence rates are still excessively high, and it is important to know more about them to intervene. Objectives: To analyze concepts of TA, reflect on factors associated with TA, systematize intervention strategies, and understand assessment methods. Main topics under analysis: As part of patient behavior, TA is the expected outcome of health professionals' recommendations/prescriptions, following mutual cooperation. Patient motivation is essential to overcome barriers to behavioral change, and patients are considered co-responsible for their treatment. Health professionals adopt TA promotion strategies to benefit and mobilize users. Health services and policies support the minimization of obstacles and encourage the evaluation of TA to improve practices. Conclusion: TA is multifactorial, which makes the process more difficult. Successful TA requires coordinating all involved stakeholders - users, health professionals, and social and political bodies, by anticipating the appropriate measures.

Resumen Marco contextual: La adherencia terapéutica (AT) tiene como objetivo mejorar la salud de los individuos y las poblaciones, es muy compleja y está influida por múltiples factores. Las tasas de no adherencia siguen siendo demasiado elevadas, y es importante comprenderlas mejor para poder intervenir. Objetivos: Analizar los conceptos de AT; reflexionar sobre los factores asociados a la AT; sistematizar las estrategias de intervención; comprender los métodos de evaluación. Principales temas en análisis: La AT, como comportamiento del usuario, se espera como respuesta a las recomendaciones/prescripciones de los profesionales de la salud, tras una cooperación mutua. La motivación del usuario para superar las barreras al cambio de comportamiento es esencial. El usuario se considera corresponsable del tratamiento. Los profesionales sanitarios adoptan estrategias de promoción de la AT en favor de los usuarios y los movilizan. Los servicios y las políticas sanitarias apoyan la minimización de los obstáculos y fomentan la evaluación de la AT para mejorar las prácticas. Conclusión: La AT es multifactorial, lo que complica el proceso. El éxito de la AT requiere una coordinación ejemplar de todas las partes interesadas, los usuarios, los profesionales sanitarios y los organismos sociales y políticos, y anticipar así las medidas adecuadas.

Atitudes e embaraço face ao preservativo em estudantes de enfermagem / Actitudes y vergüenza ante el preservativo en estudiantes de enfermería / Attitudes and embarrassment about condoms in nursing students

Resumo Objetivo Conhecer a perceção do risco individual de infeção HIV; avaliar conhecimentos sobre infeção HIV; conhecer atitudes face ao uso do preservativo em função do sexo; conhecer o embaraço na aquisição, negociação e uso do preservativo em função do sexo, independentemente de preservativo masculino ou feminino. Métodos Estudo analítico-transversal. Amostra não probabilística constituída por 102 estudantes de Enfermagem. Instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico e perceção do risco; teste de conhecimentos; escala de embaraço no uso do preservativo; escala de atitudes face ao uso do preservativo. Resultados A perceção do risco de infeção HIV é favorável/muito favorável para mais de 50% dos jovens e não estatisticamente diferente entre sexos (X2= 2,213; GL= 4, p= 0,697). Dos jovens inquiridos, 86,3% nunca fez teste HIV e 86,1% não se recorda de qualquer campanha de prevenção. O teste de conhecimentos teve resultado global de 83,7%. A dimensão médico-científica mostrou os resultados mais baixos (77,8%). O embaraço na aquisição do preservativo é superior nas inquiridas comparativamente com os inquiridos (t= -2,08; p= 0,04). A atitude face ao uso do preservativo não é significativamente diferente em função do sexo (t= -1,20; p= 0,23). Conclusão Os estudantes têm boa perceção do risco de infeção de HIV, mas baixa adesão à realização do teste e a maioria não se recorda da última campanha de prevenção. Os conhecimentos revelados são elevados, mas necessitam de ser incrementados na dimensão médico-científica. As estudantes revelam mais embaraço do que os estudantes face ao preservativo, porém, as atitudes manifestadas são idênticas. Programas formativos continuam imprescindíveis.

Resumen Objetivo Conocer la percepción del riesgo individual de infección por VIH. Evaluar los conocimientos sobre infección por VIH. Conocer las actitudes ante el uso del preservativo en función del sexo. Conocer el nivel de vergüenza en la adquisición, negociación y uso de preservativos en función del sexo, tanto preservativos masculinos como femeninos. Métodos Estudio analítico transversal. Muestra no probabilística, formada por 102 estudiantes de enfermería. Instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico y percepción del riesgo, prueba de conocimientos, escala de vergüenza en el uso de preservativos, escala de actitudes ante el uso de preservativos. Resultados La percepción del riesgo de infección por VIH es favorable/muy favorable para más del 50 % de los jóvenes y no es estadísticamente diferente entre sexos (X2= 2,213; GL= 4, p= 0,697). De los jóvenes encuestados, el 86,3 % nunca realizó una prueba de VIH y el 86,1 % no recuerda ninguna campaña de prevención. El resultado global de la prueba de conocimientos fue del 83,7 %. La dimensión médico-científica tuvo los resultados más bajos (77,8 %). La vergüenza en la adquisición de preservativos es superior en las encuestadas en comparación con los encuestados (t= -2,08; p= 0,04). La actitud ante el uso del preservativo no es significativamente diferente en función del sexo (t= -1,20; p= 0,23). Conclusión Los estudiantes tienen una buena percepción del riesgo de infección por VIH, pero una baja adherencia a la realización de pruebas y la mayoría no recuerda la última campaña de prevención. Los conocimientos revelados son altos, pero necesitan aumentar en la dimensión médico-científica. Las estudiantes revelan más vergüenza que los estudiantes ante el preservativo, pero las actitudes manifestadas son idénticas. Los programas educativos continúan siendo imprescindibles.

Abstract Objective To investigate the perception of individual risk of HIV infection; to assess knowledge about HIV infection; to learn about condom use attitudes according to gender; to investigate embarrassment about obtaining, negotiating and using condoms according to gender, whether male or female condom. Method This was an analytical cross-sectional study. A non-probabilistic sample was assembled consisting of 102 nursing students. Instruments: sociodemographic and risk perception questionnaire; knowledge test; scale of embarrassment about condom use; condom attitudes scale. Results Perception of risk of HIV infection is favorable/very favorable for more than 50% of young people and there was no statistical difference between the sexes (X 2=2.213; GL= 4, p= 0.697). Of the participants, 86.3% had never been tested for HIV and 86.1% did not recall any HIV prevention campaign. The global result of the knowledge test was 83.7%. The medical-scientific dimension presented the lowest results (77.8%) Embarrassment about obtaining condoms was higher among the women than men (t=-2.08; p=0.04). Attitude towards using condoms was not significantly different between the genders (t= -1.20; p= 0.23). Conclusion The students had a good perception of the risk of HIV infection, but presented low adherence to HIV testing and most did not remember the last prevention campaign. They presented having a high level of knowledge, but they need to improve their knowledge in the medical-scientific dimension. Female students were more embarrassed than the male students about condoms, however, the attitudes towards them were identical. Educational programs continue to be essential.

Impacto da COVID-19 nas dinâmicas sociofamiliares e académicas dos estudantes de enfermagem em Portugal / Impact of COVID-19 on the family, social, and academic dynamics of nursing students in Portugal / Impacto de la COVID-19 en las dinámicas sociofamiliares y académicas de los estudiantes de enfermería en Portugal

Enquadramento: Devido à pandemia COVID-19 encerraram-se estabelecimentos de ensino e confinaram-se os estudantes. Objetivos: Conhecer as mudanças sociofamiliares, académicas e comportamentais dos estudantes de enfermagem, provocadas pela pandemia COVID-19; caracterizar perceções de saúde, informação e adesão às medidas veiculadas. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo descritivo-correlacional com 425 estudantes de enfermagem. Utilizou-se o COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study (C19 ISWS). Cumpriram-se pressupostos éticos. Resultados: Suspensas aulas presenciais, os estudantes regressaram ao domicílio familiar, reduziram contactos com amigos e privilegiaram comunicações online. Manifestaram stress face às mudanças no ensino e à possibilidade de não concluírem o ano letivo. Reportaram aumento de materiais online, mas não identificaram acréscimo de trabalho académico. Referiram menos recursos financeiros. Consideraram informações da Direção-Geral da Saúde atempadas e compreensíveis e aderiram fortemente às medidas implementadas. Os consumidores, diminuíram significativamente consumos de tabaco, álcool e outros. Conclusão: A pandemia COVID-19 trouxe alterações à vida dos estudantes de enfermagem, marcadas por retorno à casa da família, preocupações com sucesso escolar e afastamento das sociabilidades académicas, aderindo massivamente às medidas sanitárias recomendadas.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education institutions were closed, and students were confined to their homes. Objectives: To identify the social, family, academic, and behavioral changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing students; to characterize their perceptions of health, information, and compliance with the measures. Methodology: Quantitative descriptive-correlational study with 425 nursing students. The COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study (C19 ISWS) was used. All ethical requirements were met. Results: With the suspension of presential classes, students returned to their family homes, reduced their contacts with friends, and gave priority to online forms of communication. They experienced stress due to the changes in the teaching methods and about the possibility of not successfully completing the academic year. Students reported an increase in online materials but did report an increase in academic workload. They reported fewer financial resources and considered that the information from the Directorate-General of Health was clear and provided in due time. They also reported having complied with the measures. Students significantly decreased their consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and others. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the nursing students' lives, due to their return to their family homes, the concerns about their academic success, the distancing from social activities, with strict compliance with the recommended sanitary measures.

Marco contextual: Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, se cerraron los establecimientos educativos y se confinó a los estudiantes. Objetivos: Conocer los cambios sociofamiliares, académicos y de comportamiento de los estudiantes de enfermería causados por la pandemia de COVID-19; caracterizar las percepciones de la salud, la información y el cumplimiento de las medidas comunicadas. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo-correlacional con 425 estudiantes de enfermería. Se utilizó el COVID-19 International Student Well-Being Study (C19 ISWS). Se cumplieron los supuestos éticos. Resultados: Con la suspensión de las clases presenciales, los estudiantes volvieron al domicilio familiar, redujeron el contacto con sus amigos y dieron prioridad a la comunicación en línea. Manifestaron estrés ante los cambios en la enseñanza y la posibilidad de no completar el año académico. Informaron de un aumento de los materiales en línea, pero no identificaron ningún aumento en el trabajo académico. Indicaron que disponían de menos recursos financieros. Consideraron que la información de la Dirección General de Salud era adecuada y comprensible, y se comprometieron firmemente con las medidas aplicadas. Los consumidores disminuyeron significativamente el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otros productos. Conclusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 trajo consigo cambios en la vida de los estudiantes de enfermería, marcados por el regreso a la vivienda familiar, la preocupación por el éxito académico y el distanciamiento de la sociabilidad académica, cumpliendo así ampliamente con las medidas sanitarias recomendadas.

Effects of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions on cognition, social functioning and quality of life in older adults with major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions for improving cognition, social functioning and quality of life in older adults with major neurocognitive disorders. INTRODUCTION: A large number of people with major neurocognitive disorders live in their homes, requiring ongoing community care. Different individual cognitive intervention programs have been explored as a potential approach for implementation by caregivers on a one-to-one basis. These programs have the advantage of being implemented in a home setting and in the real-life context of the older adult, in a society that is increasingly aging and where aging in place is being fostered. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review considered experimental studies that included older adults aged 60 years and over with major neurocognitive disorders who were receiving individual cognitive interventions (e.g. cognitive stimulation, cognitive training or cognitive rehabilitation) provided by their caregivers. The comparator was usual care, wait-list control or alternative therapeutic intervention. The primary outcomes of interest included cognition, social functioning and quality of life. Additionally, behavior, mood and activities of daily living were considered. METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify relevant published and unpublished studies from January 1995 to March 2018, written in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved and their methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal checklists for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Quantitative data were extracted using the standardized data extraction tool from the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. Due to the clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the included studies, statistical pooling was not possible. Therefore, findings are presented in a narrative format. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials and two quasi-experimental studies were included, with a total sample of 844 dyads (older adults and caregivers). The number of dyads included in the studies ranged from 16 to 356. Beneficial effects of the caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions were observed in various cognitive domains, including memory, attention, verbal fluency and problem-solving. Two studies additionally reported the positive impact of the intervention of interest on general cognitive functioning. None of the reviewed studies revealed significant changes in quality of life. Social functioning was not analyzed in any of the included studies. Beneficial effects were also reported in relation to behavior and activities of daily living, despite the low level of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: This review responds to a gap in current international literature on the synthesis of evidence on the use of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions. The intervention of interest is associated with improvement in cognitive performance, revealing some benefits for the stabilization of neuropsychiatric symptoms and an increase in autonomy in activities of daily living. Further research on the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the intervention effects is needed, as these factors seem to interfere with successful intervention implementation. To reinforce current evidence, the methodological quality of future studies should be improved.

Prenatal attachment and sociodemographic and clinical factors in Portuguese couples.

OBJECTIVES: To observe differences between maternal and paternal prenatal attachment as a function of sociodemographic and clinical/obstetric factors. METHODS: Quantitative descriptive correlational study. INSTRUMENTS: Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire; Maternal and Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (Portuguese version by Camarneiro & Justo). Assessments were conducted in antenatal clinics in Central Portugal. PARTICIPANTS: Couples (N = 407), women and men in the second trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS: Significant differences in maternal prenatal attachment were observed as a function of age, education, socioeconomic status, pregnancy planning, previous pregnancies, pregnancy interruptions and gestational age. Significant differences in paternal prenatal attachment were observed as a function of age, number of children, socioeconomic status, occupational status, family household and pregnancy planning. CONCLUSIONS: Women and men present variations in prenatal attachment according to some sociodemographic and clinical variables. These results should be taken into account in interventions focused on the promotion of prenatal attachment.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: to perform the cultural adaptation to Portuguese of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ), which was designed by the Centre for Learning and Teaching at the University of Technology of Sydney, and to validate this instrument. METHODS: this methodological study involved the cultural adaptation of the questionnaire by using translation, back-translation, semantic comparison, idiomatic and conceptual equivalence, and validation through validity and reliability analyses and used a sample of 767 students in their second year of the Nursing Program. RESULTS: construct validity had a two-factor solution according to the varimax rotation method. In addition, there was a high overall internal consistency for the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha of 0.977) and for the factors found (0.966 and 0.952, respectively). CONCLUSION: the Portuguese version has good psychometric characteristics; therefore, it is adequate to obtain reliable information on the perception of nursing students concerning the type of supervision that is provided in clinical practice, and this version is adequate to improve teaching practices. OBJETIVO: realizar a adaptação cultural para a língua portuguesa do Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ) concebido pelo Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Technology de Sydney e proceder à validação do instrumento. MÉTODOS: estudo metodológico de adaptação cultural do questionário através de tradução, retroversão, comparação semântica, idiomática e equivalência conceitual, seguido de validação em uma amostra de 767 estudantes do 2º ano do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, por meio de análise da validade e confiabilidade. RESULTADOS: a validade de constructo apresenta uma solução bifatorial após rotação varimax. A consistência interna global do questionário é elevada (alfa de Cronbach 0,977), assim como dos fatores encontrados (respectivamente, 0,966 e 0,952). CONCLUSÃO: a versão portuguesa apresenta boas características psicométricas, sendo um instrumento válido para obter informação fidedigna acerca da percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem relativamente ao tipo de orientação tida em contexto clínico, revelando-se importante para melhoria das práticas pedagógicas. OBJETIVO: llevar a cabo la adaptación cultural al portugués del Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ), diseñado por el Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Technology Sydney, y validar este instrumento. MÉTODOS: este estudio metodológico implicó la adaptación cultural del cuestionario usando la traducción, la retrotraducción, la comparación semántica, la equivalencia idiomática y conceptual, y la validación usando una muestra de 767 estudiantes del segundo curso del Programa de Enfermería mediante análisis de validez y de fiabilidad. RESULTADOS: la validez del constructo presentó una solución bifactorial según el método de rotación Varimax. Además, hubo una consistencia interna total alta para el cuestionario (alfa de Cronbach de 0,977) y para los factores encontrados (de 0,966 y 0,952, respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: la versión en portugués cuenta con buenas características psicométricas y, por lo tanto, es adecuada para obtener información fiable sobre la percepción de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el tipo de supervisión proporcionada en la práctica clínica, y esta versión es adecuada para la mejora de las prácticas pedagógicas.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire / Adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa do Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire / Adaptación cultural y validación al portugués del Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the cultural adaptation to Portuguese of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ), which was designed by the Centre for Learning and Teaching at the University of Technology of Sydney, and to validate this instrument. Methods: this methodological study involved the cultural adaptation of the questionnaire by using translation, back-translation, semantic comparison, idiomatic and conceptual equivalence, and validation through validity and reliability analyses and used a sample of 767 students in their second year of the Nursing Program. Results: construct validity had a two-factor solution according to the varimax rotation method. In addition, there was a high overall internal consistency for the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha of 0.977) and for the factors found (0.966 and 0.952, respectively). Conclusion: the Portuguese version has good psychometric characteristics; therefore, it is adequate to obtain reliable information on the perception of nursing students concerning the type of supervision that is provided in clinical practice, and this version is adequate to improve teaching practices.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a adaptação cultural para a língua portuguesa do Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ) concebido pelo Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Technology de Sydney e proceder à validação do instrumento. Métodos: estudo metodológico de adaptação cultural do questionário através de tradução, retroversão, comparação semântica, idiomática e equivalência conceitual, seguido de validação em uma amostra de 767 estudantes do 2º ano do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, por meio de análise da validade e confiabilidade. Resultados: a validade de constructo apresenta uma solução bifatorial após rotação varimax. A consistência interna global do questionário é elevada (alfa de Cronbach 0,977), assim como dos fatores encontrados (respectivamente, 0,966 e 0,952). Conclusão: a versão portuguesa apresenta boas características psicométricas, sendo um instrumento válido para obter informação fidedigna acerca da percepção dos estudantes de enfermagem relativamente ao tipo de orientação tida em contexto clínico, revelando-se importante para melhoria das práticas pedagógicas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: llevar a cabo la adaptación cultural al portugués del Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ), diseñado por el Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Technology Sydney, y validar este instrumento. Métodos: este estudio metodológico implicó la adaptación cultural del cuestionario usando la traducción, la retrotraducción, la comparación semántica, la equivalencia idiomática y conceptual, y la validación usando una muestra de 767 estudiantes del segundo curso del Programa de Enfermería mediante análisis de validez y de fiabilidad. Resultados: la validez del constructo presentó una solución bifactorial según el método de rotación Varimax. Además, hubo una consistencia interna total alta para el cuestionario (alfa de Cronbach de 0,977) y para los factores encontrados (de 0,966 y 0,952, respectivamente). Conclusión: la versión en portugués cuenta con buenas características psicométricas y, por lo tanto, es adecuada para obtener información fiable sobre la percepción de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el tipo de supervisión proporcionada en la práctica clínica, y esta versión es adecuada para la mejora de las prácticas pedagógicas.

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE TRANSITION TO RETIREMENT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY / PERCEPCIONES SOBRE LA TRANSICIÓN A LA JUBILACIÓN: UN ESTUDIO CUALITATIVO / PERCEÇÕES SOBRE A TRANSIÇÃO PARA A APOSENTADORIA: UM ESTUDO QUALITATIVO

Retirement is a transitional life event that originates changes individuals have to adapt to and which leads to bio physiological, psychological and sociological vulnerabilities. The aim of this study was to understand how Portuguese retirees perceive their retirement experience. We conducted a qualitative study with 18 focus groups (146 participants recently retired), in health functional units located throughout the center region of mainland Portugal. Information was submitted to content analysis, using NVivo10(r). Findings reveal that retirement interferes not only in the individuals' experiences but also affects their families' experiences. It leads to simultaneously perceptions of gains and losses and to the relearning and re-adaptation of life. We conclude that retirement is a transition phase of human development that can require an individual and family nursing intervention, which can help to promote a successful ageing process.

La jubilación es un evento de vida de transición que provoca cambios a los que las personas tienen que adaptarse, y conduce a vulnerabilidades bio-fisiológicas, psicológicas y sociológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender como los jubilados portugueses perciben su experiencia de la transición a la jubilación. Un estudio cualitativo se llevó a cabo con 18 grupos focales (146 participantes recientemente jubilados) en instalaciones funcionales de salud ubicadas en la región central de Portugal continental. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido, utilizando el NVivo10(r). Los resultados muestran que la jubilación no sólo afecta a las experiencias de las personas, pero también afecta a las experiencias de sus familias. Esto conduce al mismo tiempo a la percepción de las ganancias y pérdidas y el reentrenamiento y actualización de la vida. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la jubilación es una fase de desarrollo humano de transición que puede requerir una intervención de enfermería individual y familiar que pueden ayudar a promover el proceso de envejecimiento exitoso.

A aposentadoria é um acontecimento de vida transicional que origina alterações às quais os indivíduos têm de se adaptar, levando a vulnerabilidades biofisiológicas, psicológicas e sociológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como os aposentados portugueses percecionam a sua experiência de passagem à aposentadoria. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, com 18 grupos focais (146 participantes recentemente aposentados), em unidades funcionais de saúde, localizadas na região Centro de Portugal continental. As informações foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, utilizando o NVivo10(r). Os achados mostram que a aposentadoria interfere não só nas experiências dos indivíduos, mas também afeta as experiências das suas famílias. Isso leva simultaneamente a perceções de ganhos e perdas, bem como a reaprendizagens e readaptações. Conclui-se que a aposentadoria é uma fase de transição do desenvolvimento humano que pode exigir uma intervenção de enfermagem individual e familiar para ajudar a promover um processo de envelhecimento bem-sucedido.